Spanish validation of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™ 4.0) for parent report for toddlers (ages 2-4).

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Health-related quality of life is a concept that includes aspects about physical, emotional and social well-being. The aim of the study was to validate the PedsQL for parent report for toddlers in Spain and provide reference data in a Spanish population. METHOD: The sample included 478 parents (89.5% mothers) of children aged 18-36 months (M = 26.75 months). Sociodemographic data were gathered, and the PedsQL and Kiddy-KINDL-R were completed by the participants. RESULTS: The fit of the original structure of the PedsQL was acceptable (CFI = 0.93; TLI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.06), and the results showed good internal consistency (α = 0.85). The items about nursery school were excluded, since not all the toddlers attended this type of educational centre. Significant differences were found in physical health and activities and in the total mean in terms of parent education level, and in social activities regarding gender. For the normative interpretation of the PedsQL, the first, second and third quartiles corresponded to 77.78, 84.72 and 90.28, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This instrument is not only useful to individually evaluate the quality of life of a child with respect to his/her group, but also to measure the efficacy of a possible intervention.

[Systematic review of personality disorders and sexual dysfunction]. / Revisión sistemática sobre trastornos de la personalidad y disfunciones sexuales.

BACKGROUND: Personality disorders and sexual response are two closely related aspects, and knowledge of the relationship between both variables will serve to provide quality care to patients. METHODS: The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review on the relationship between personality disorders and sexual dysfunctions. RESULTS: Fourteen scientific articles published between 2006 and 2016 met the inclusion criteria to be part of this review. This work has allowed organizing the scarce information coming from scientific works referred to the existing relations between personality disorders and sexual dysfunctions. CONCLUSION: It concludes with the need to carry out more research in this area.

Creation and validation of a scale of sexuality for adolescents: Scale of Myths about Sexuality.

INTRODUCTION: In recent decades western countries have become more open about sexuality and sexual relations, and adolescents get information about these issues mainly through the internet, TV and social networks. Often such information is incomplete, wrong or even contradicts itself. What favors them to develop myths, false beliefs and/or negative attitudes about sexuality, love, equality in relationships, or Sexually Transmitted Infections. At the same time, the presence of myths favors double standards, sexism, and a negative attitude toward toward personal, partner and/or social sexuality. OBJECTIVES: To create a scale for evaluating the permanence of myths about sexuality in adolescents, and to analyze the structural reliability and validity of this scale. METHOD: The sample was formed by a pilot group (n=216) and a final group (n=661), both with adolescents from high schools in the province of Malaga, obtained by non-probability cluster sampling. The first 69 initial items were given to the pilot sample to determine the final questions making up the "Escala de Mitos sobre la Sexualidad". RESULT: All final items have an item-total correlation over 0.29. A final questionnaire was obtained of 27 items, grouped into 6 components. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated a high internal consistency of the test (0.881). Moreover, it confirms a significant difference between the sexes and between grades (cohorts). CONCLUSION: The Scale has appropriate parameters for use in sex education and research. The use of this scale would help to discover adherence to the myths of adolescents, in order to eliminate them and build a solid, free and personal concept of sexuality.

Sexual Pain Disorders in Spanish Women Drug Users.

BACKGROUND: The impact of pain in sexuality, couple relationships and the quality of life is very well known. OBJECTIVES: The relationship between substance abuse and the presence of sexual pain disorder is assessed, together with anxiety and sexual attitudes . METHOD: Two samples were selected. One sample for women with a history of substance abuse (n = 129), and another one of women nonconsumers (n = 129). The Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), the Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS) and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires were used. RESULTS: The results indicate that women consumers obtained a higher mean scores in sexual pain disorder (4.88 > 2.89, that is 65.12%), plus higher mean scores on state anxiety (23.82 > 14.56) and trait anxiety (30.93 > 16.95), and lower average figure in erotophilia (84.93 < 95.81). It was also verified that the period of abstinence does not improve sexual response. CONCLUSIONS: Substance consumption affects sexual response in women negatively. Sexual response does not improve with abstinence period.

Influence of substance use on the erectile response in a sample of drug users.

Erectile dysfunction in men may be due to multiple causes, including anxiety and substance abuse. The main objective of this study is to know how it affects the continued use of addictive substances in the erectile response, taking into account not only the type of substances consumed, but also other variables that may influence on sexual response, such as the time of withdrawal, anxiety and sexual attitude. Two samples were used, one for males (n = 925) who had a history of substance use and another one for males (n = 82) with no history of substance abuse. Both populations were selected by a cluster sampling of 27 Spanish provinces. The GRISS, SOS and STAI questionnaires were used. The results indicate that men with a history of consumption obtained a higher percentage of dysfunction in the erectile dysfunction questionnaire GRISS scale than those who have a history of consumption (36.69% vs.15.85%) who also have higher scores on state anxiety (19.83 vs.11.89) and trait anxiety (25.66 vs.12.39) and lowest in erotophilia (86.85 vs. 97.29) was statistically significant difference. It is also proved that the time of withdrawal does not help ex drug users improve their erectile response.

La disfunción eréctil en el hombre puede deberse a múltiples causas, entre ellas la ansiedad y el consumo de sustancias adictivas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer cómo afecta el consumo continuado de sustancias adictivas a la respuesta eréctil, teniendo en cuenta además del tipo de sustancias consumidas, otras variables que pueden influir en la respuesta sexual, como el tiempo de abstinencia, la ansiedad y las actitudes sexuales. La muestra constaba de dos grupos, uno de hombres (n = 925) con un historial de consumo de sustancias y otro (n = 82) sin historial de consumo de sustancias adictivas. Ambas muestras fueron seleccionadas, mediante muestreo por conglomerados, en 27 provincias españolas. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios GRISS, STAI y SOS. Los hombres con historial de consumo obtuvieron un mayor porcentaje de disfuncionalidad en la escala disfunción eréctil del GRISS que aquellos que no tenían una historia de consumo (36,69% vs. 15,85%), además mostraron puntuaciones mayores en ansiedad estado (19,83 vs.11,89) y ansiedad rasgo (25,66 vs. 2,39) y menores en erotofilia (86,85 vs. 97,29), siendo la diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Asimismo, se descarta que el tiempo de abstinencia ayude a mejorar la respuesta eréctil de los hombres exconsumidores de drogas.

Aproximación a la diabetes mellitus oculta en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario / Estimation of hidden diabetes mellitus in a hospital emergency department

Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de diabetes oculta en los pacientes que presentan hiperglucemia en un servicio de urgencias. Diseño del estudio. Estudio descriptivo transversal (de prevalencia).Emplazamiento. El marco de atención sanitaria ha sido el servicio de urgencias hospitalario. Participantes. Pacientes mayores de 20 años que acudieron al Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital General de Ciudad Real durante 2007, y con valores de glucemia plasmática mayor o igual de 140mg/dl. El número total de pacientes con glucemia mayor o igual a 140 fue de 4.559.Mediciones principales: Variables sociodemográficas y causas de hiperglucemia. Resultados. La edad media de los pacientes con glucemia mayor o igual a 140 mg/dl fue de 68,5años ± 13,8 DE. El 50% fueron menores de 71 años. La moda en la muestra fue de 75 años. El 52,2%(2.381) eran hombres. Las causas de hiperglucemia fueron: diabetes mellitus ya conocida (75,1% dela muestra, 3.423 pacientes), diabetes mellitus oculta (5,3% de la muestra, 240 pacientes), hiperglucemia secundaria a otras causas (19,7% de la muestra, 896 pacientes). Por lo tanto, la prevalencia de diabetes oculta en nuestra población fue del 5,3% (IC 95%: 4,3 - 5,6%). De los diabéticos conocidos, el 10,3% eran del tipo 1 (351 pacientes) y el 89,7% del tipo 2 (3.072 pacientes). Entre las hiperglucemias secundarias, el 18% lo fueron por tratamiento con corticoides (165 personas), el 32% por tratamiento oncológico (238 pacientes), el 3% por algún problema biliar-pancreático (28 pacientes),el 32% por hiperglucemias aisladas en relación con el estrés del proceso actual (291 pacientes) y el15% por intolerancia a la glucosa (131 pacientes).Conclusiones. La prevalencia de diabetes oculta es parecida a la encontrada en estudios similares. La diabetes oculta se confirma como un problema sanitario de peso epidemiológico (5,3% de nuestros pacientes) del que podrían derivarse importantes repercusiones sociosanitarias (AU)

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of hidden diabetes in patients presenting with hyperglycaemia at a hospital emergency department. Study design. Cross-sectional descriptive study (prevalence) studio. Setting. Hospital emergency department. Participants. Patients over 20 years who attended the Emergency Department of the Hospital General de Ciudad Real during 2007 with plasma glucose levels over 140 mg/dl. The total number of patients with glucose levels higher than 140 mg/dl was 4,559.Main measurements. Socio-demographic variables and cause of hyperglycaemia. Results. The mean age of patients with glucose levels greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl was 68.5years ± 13.8 SD, 50% were less than 71 years. The mean in the sample was 75 years and 52.2%(2.381) were men. The causes of hyperglycaemia were: known diabetes mellitus (75.1% of the sample,3,423 patients), hidden diabetes mellitus (5.3% of the sample, 240 patients), hyperglycaemia secondary to other causes (19.7% of sample, 896 patients). Therefore, the prevalence of hidden diabetes in our population was 5.3% (95% CI: 4.3 – 5.6%). Of those patients with known diabetes,10.3% had type 1 (351 patients) and 89.7% had type 2 (3,072 patients). In 18% of cases, hyperglycaemia was secondary to corticoid treatment (238 patients), in 3% to a biliar-pancreatic problem (28patients), in 32% to isolated hyperglycaemia related to the stress of their current illness (291 patients)and in 15% to glucose intolerance (131 patients).Conclusions. The prevalence of hidden diabetes is comparable to that found in similar studies. Hidden diabetes is confirmed as being a healthcare problem of epidemiological weight (5.3% of our patients) which could have serious socio-healthcare repercussions (AU)

Hipertensión secundaria a Síndrome de Cushing / Hypertension secondary to Cushing syndrome

En un pequeño grupo de hipertensos puede identifi carse una causa, responsable del aumento de las cifras de presión arterial, como el Síndrome de Cushing, que supone el 0,2-0,6% de los casos. Presentamosel caso de un paciente diagnosticado de hipertensión secundaria a Síndrome de Cushing

In a small group of hypertensive patients a cause of elevated blood pressure levels can be identifi ed,such as Cushing syndrome, which corresponds to 0.2-0.6% of cases. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with hypertension secondary to Cushing Syndrome